Battery Management Systems (BMS)

The AD8452 combines a precision analog front-end controller and switch mode power supply (SMPS), pulse-width modulator (PWM) driver into a single silicon platform for high volume battery testing and formation manufacturing. A precision instrumentation amplifier (in-amp) measures the battery charge/discharge current, while an equally accurate difference amplifier measures the battery voltage. Internal laser trimmed resistor networks establish the in-amp and difference amplifier gains (66 V/V and 0.4 V/V, respectively), and stabilize the AD8452 performance across the rated operating temperature range.

Desired battery cycling current and voltage levels are established by applying precise control voltages to the ISET and VSET inputs. Actual charge and discharge current levels are sensed (usually by a high power, highly accurate shunt resistor) whose value is carefully selected according to system parameters. Switching between constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) loop integration is instantaneous, automatic, and completely transparent to the observer. A logic high at the MODE input selects the charge or discharge mode (high for charge, low for discharge).

The AD8452 simplifies designs by providing excellent performance, functionality, and overall reliability in a space saving 48-lead, 7 mm × 7 mm × 1.4 mm LQFP package rated for operation at temperatures from −40°C to +85°C.

Applications

• Battery formation and testing
• High efficiency battery test systems with recycle capability
• Battery conditioning (charging and discharging) systems

The ADBMS6815 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 12 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.5 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6815 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 12 cells can be measured in 304 µs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6815 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6815 has an isoSPI^™ interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. 

Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6815 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6815 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general purpose input/output (GPIO) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 µA.

The ADBMS6815WFS models are designed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability D (ASIL D).

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• High power portable equipment

The ADBMS6815M is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 12 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.9 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6815M suitable for most battery chemistries. All 12 cells can be measured in 304 μs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6815M devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6815M has an isolated serial peripheral interface (isoSPI^™) interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can operate bidirectionally to ensure communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6815M can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6815M includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general-purpose input and output (GPIOx) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 μA.

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• Large portable power banks

The ADBMS6816 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to six series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.5 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6816 suitable for most battery chemistries. All six cells can be measured in 304 μs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6816 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6816 has an isoSPI^™ interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications.

Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6816 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6816 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general-purpose input/output (GPIO) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 μA.

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• High power portable equipment

The ADBMS6817 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 8 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.5 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6817 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 8 cells can be measured in 304 μs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6817 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6817 has an isoSPI^™ interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6817 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6817 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general-purpose input/output (GPIO) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 μA.

The ADBMS6817WFS models are developed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability D (ASIL D).

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• Large portable power banks

The ADBMS6821 (single) and ADBMS6822 (dual) provide bidirectional isolated serial port interface (isoSPI^™) communications between two isolated devices through a single twisted pair connection for each data link. Each transceiver encodes logic states into signals that are transmitted across an isolation barrier to another transceiver. The receiving device decodes the transmission and drives the slave bus to the appropriate logic states. The isolation barrier can be bridged by capacitors or by a pulse transformer to achieve hundreds of volts of isolation.

The ADBMS6821/ADBMS6822 transceivers drive differential signals using matched source and sink currents, eliminating the requirement for a transformer center tap and reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI). Precision window comparators in the receiver detect the differential signals.

The transceivers can be paired with advanced Analog Devices, Inc., battery stack monitors to enable cell voltage and sensor monitoring even while the system controller is powered down (low power cell monitoring, or LPCM). The transceivers provide a timeout function that wake up or alert the system when a pass heartbeat message has not been received in the programmed time period.

Throughout the data sheet, all pin names refer to both transceivers on the ADBMS6822. For example, VDD refers to both VDD and VDD2.

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Industrial networking
• Remote sensors

The ADBMS6830 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 16 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 2 mV over the full temperature range. The measurement input range of −2 V to +5.5 V makes the ADBMS6830 suitable for most battery chemistries and allows measurement of voltages across bus bars. Provisions are made for bypassing bus bars without dedicating any measurement channels.

All cells can be measured simultaneously and redundantly with two individual analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The continuously operating ADCs with a high sampling rate of 4.096 MHz allow reduced external analog filtering and aliasing free measurement results. Higher noise reduction can be achieved by subsequent programmable infinite impulse response (IIR) filters.

Multiple ADBMS6830s can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings.

Each ADBMS6830 has an isolated serial port interface (isoSPI^™) for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6830 can be powered from the battery stack or an isolated supply. The ADBMS6830 includes passive balancing with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control and up to 300 mA discharge current for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, up to 10 general-purpose inputs/outputs, and a sleep mode, where current consumption is reduced to 4 μA.

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage

The ADuC7039 is a complete system solution for battery monitoring in 12 V automotive applications. This device integrates all of the required features to precisely and intelligently monitor, process, and diagnose 12 V battery parameters including battery current, voltage, and temperature over a wide range of operating conditions.

APPLICATIONS

• Battery sensing/management for automotive systems

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are fully integrated, 8 kHz data acquisition systems that incorporate dual, high performance, multichannel, Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), a 32-bit Arm^® Cortex^™-M3 processor, and flash. The ADuCM330WFS has 96 kB Flash/EE memory, and the ADuCM331WFS has 128 kB Flash/EE memory. Both devices have 4 kB data flash. Error correction code (ECC) is available on all flash and SRAM memories.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are complete system solutions for battery monitoring in 12 V automotive applications.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS integrate all features required to precisely and intelligently monitor, process, and diagnose 12 V battery parameters including battery current, voltage, and temperature over a wide range of operating conditions.

Minimizing external system components, the devices are powered directly from a 12 V battery. On-chip, low dropout (LDO) regulators generate the supply voltage for two integrated Σ-Δ ADCs. The ADCs precisely measure battery current, voltage, and temperature to characterize the state of the health and the charge of the car battery.

The devices operate from an on-chip, 16.384 MHz high frequency oscillator that supplies the system clock that is routed through a programmable clock divider, from which the core clock operating frequency is generated. The devices also contain a 32 kHz oscillator for low power operation.

The analog subsystem consists of an ADC with a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) that allows the monitoring of various current and voltage ranges. The analog subsystem also includes an on-chip precision reference.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS integrate a range of on-chip peripherals that can be configured under core software control as required in the application. These peripherals include a serial port interface (SPI) serial input/output communication controller, six general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins, one general-purpose timer, a wake-up timer, and a watchdog timer. See the ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS Hardware Reference Manual for more information.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are designed to operate in battery-powered applications where low power operation is critical. The microcontroller core can be configured in normal operating mode, resulting in an overall system current consumption of 18.5 mA when all peripherals are active. The devices can also be configured in a number of low power operating modes under direct program control, consuming <100 μA.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS include a local interconnect network (LIN) physical interface for single-wire, high voltage communications in automotive environments. The LIN transceiver is compliant to LIN 2.2 and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2602-2.

The devices operate from an external 3.6 V to 19 V (on VDD, Pin 26) voltage supply and are specified over the −40°C to +115°C temperature range, with additional typical specifications at +115°C to +125°C.

The information in this data sheet is relevant for Silicon Revision P60.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are developed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability B (ASIL B). The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are low electromagnetic emissions and high electromagnetic immunity devices.

Multifunction pin names may be referenced by the relevant function only.

Applications

• Battery sensing and management for automotive and light mobility vehicles
• Lead acid battery measurement for power supplies in industrial and medical domains

The LTC2949 is a high precision current, voltage, temperature, charge and energy meter for electrical and hybrid vehicles and other isolated current sense applications. It infers charge and energy flowing in and out of the battery pack by monitoring simultaneously the voltage drop over up to two sense resistors and the battery pack voltage.

Low offset ΔΣ ADCs ensure accurate measurement of voltage and current with insignificant power loss. Continuous integration of current and power ensures lossless tracking of charge and energy delivered or received by the battery pack.

The built-in serial interface can be configured to support isolated isoSPI communication to the host or as SPI interface.

The LTC2949 features 12 internally buffered high impedance inputs (V1 to V12) for measuring voltages from external sensors or resistor dividers allowing to measure temperatures, HV-Link voltages, chassis isolation and supervise contactor states. LTC2949 has up to five programmable digital outputs which can be set to ground, supply or toggling at 400kHz.

Programmable threshold and tracking registers reduce digital traffic to the host.

Applications

• Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Isolated Current Sensing
• Backup Battery Systems
• High Power Portable Equipment

The LTC6813-1 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 18 series connected battery cells with a total measurement error of less than 2.2mV. The cell measurement range of 0V to 5V makes the LTC6813-1 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 18 cells can be measured in 290µs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple LTC6813-1 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each LTC6813-1 has an isoSPI interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity, even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The LTC6813-1 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The LTC6813-1 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual PWM duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an onboard 5V regulator, nine general purpose I/O lines and a sleep mode, where current consumption is reduced to 6µA.

Applications

• Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Backup Battery Systems
• Grid Energy Storage
• High Power Portable Equipment