Energy Storage Systems

The LTC6813-1 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 18 series connected battery cells with a total measurement error of less than 2.2mV. The cell measurement range of 0V to 5V makes the LTC6813-1 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 18 cells can be measured in 290µs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple LTC6813-1 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each LTC6813-1 has an isoSPI interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity, even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The LTC6813-1 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The LTC6813-1 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual PWM duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an onboard 5V regulator, nine general purpose I/O lines and a sleep mode, where current consumption is reduced to 6µA.

Applications

• Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Backup Battery Systems
• Grid Energy Storage
• High Power Portable Equipment

The LTC3300-1 is a fault-protected controller IC for transformer-based bidirectional active balancing of multicell battery stacks. All associated gate drive circuitry, precision current sensing, fault detection circuitry and a robust serial interface with built-in watchdog timer are integrated.

Each LTC3300-1 can balance up to 6 series-connected battery cells with an input common mode voltage up to 36V. Charge from any selected cell can be transferred at high efficiency to or from 12 or more adjacent cells. A unique level-shifting SPI-compatible serial interface enables multiple LTC3300-1 devices to be connected in series, without opto-couplers or isolators, allowing for balancing of every cell in a long string of series-connected batteries.

When multiple LTC3300-1 devices are connected in series they can operate simultaneously, permitting all cells in the stack to be balanced concurrently and independently. Fault protection features include readback capability, cyclic redundancy check (CRC) error detection, maximum on-time volt-second clamps, and overvoltage shutoffs.

Applications

• Electric Vehicles/Plug-in HEVs
• High Power UPS/Grid Energy Storage Systems
• General Purpose Multicell Battery Stacks

The ADuM4136 is a single-channel gate driver specifically optimized for driving insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler^® technology provides isolation between the input signal and the output gate drive.

Operation with unipolar or bipolar secondary supplies is possible, allowing negative gate drive if needed.

The Analog Devices chip scale transformers also provide isolated communication of control information between the high voltage and low voltage domains of the chip. Information on the status of the chip can be read back from dedicated outputs. Control of resetting the device after a fault on the secondary side is performed on the primary side of the device.

Integrated onto the ADuM4136 is a desaturation detection circuit that provides protection against high voltage short-circuit IGBT operation. The desaturation protection contains noise reducing features such as a 312 ns (typical) masking time after a switching event to mask voltage spikes due to initial turn-on. An internal 537 μA (typical) current source allows low device count, and the internal blanking switch allows the addition of an external current source if more noise immunity is needed.

The secondary UVLO is set to 12 V with common IGBT threshold levels taken into consideration.

Applications

• MOSFET/IGBT gate drivers
• Photovoltaic (PV) inverters
• Motor drives
• Power supplies

The ADuM4190 is an isolated error amplifier based on ADI, iCoupler^® technology. The ADuM4190 is ideal for linear feedback power supplies. The primary side controllers of the ADuM4190 enable improvements in transient response, power density, and stability as compared to commonly used optocoupler and shunt regulator solutions.

Unlike optocoupler-based solutions, which have an uncertain current transfer ratio over lifetime and at high temperatures, the ADuM4190 transfer function does not change over its lifetime and is stable over a wide temperature range of −40°C to +125°C.

Included in the ADuM4190 is a wideband operational amplifier for a variety of commonly used power supply loop compensation techniques. The ADuM4190 is fast enough to allow a feedback loop to react to fast transient conditions and overcurrent conditions. Also included is a high accuracy 1.225 V reference to compare with the supply output setpoint.

The ADuM4190 is packaged in a wide body, 16-lead SOIC package for a reinforced 5 kV rms isolation voltage rating.

Applications

• Linear feedback power supplies
• Inverters
• Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
• DOSA-compatible modules
• Voltage monitors

The LT3999 is a monolithic, high voltage, high frequency DC/DC transformer driver providing isolated power in a small solution footprint.

The LT3999 has two 1A current limited power switches that switch out of phase. The duty cycle is programmable to adjust the output voltage. The switching frequency is programmed up to 1MHz and can be synchronized to an external clock for more accurate placement of switcher harmonics. The input operating range is programmed with the precision undervoltage and overvoltage lockouts. The supply current is reduced to less than 1μA during shutdown. A user-defined RC time constant provides an adjustable soft-start capability by limiting the inrush current at start-up.

The LT3999 is available in a 10-lead MSOP and 3mm × 3mm DFN package with exposed pad.

Applications

• Low Noise Isolated Supplies
• Medical Instrument and Safety
• Distributed Power
• Multiple Output Supplies
• Positive-to-Negative Supplies
• Noise Immunity in Data Acquisition, RS232 and RS485

The LT8316 is a micropower, high voltage flyback controller. No opto-isolator is needed for regulation. The device samples the output voltage from the isolated flyback waveform appearing across a third winding on the transformer. Quasi-resonant boundary mode operation improves load regulation, reduces transformer size, and maintains high efficiency.

At start-up, the LT8316 charges its INTV_CC capacitor via a high voltage current source. During normal operation, the current source turns off and the device draws its power from a third winding on the transformer minimizing standby power dissipation. 

The LT8316 operates from a wide range of input supply voltages and can deliver up to 100W of power. It is available in a thermally enhanced 20-pin TSSOP package with four pins removed for high-voltage spacing.

APPLICATIONS

• Isolated Telecom, Automotive, Industrial, Medical Power Supplies
• Isolated Off-Line Housekeeping Power Supplies
• Electric Vehicles and Battery Stacks
• Multioutput Isolated Power Supplies for Inverter Gate Drives

The ADM2582E power and signal isolated RS-485 transceivers have two options for easy evaluation: the EVAL-ADM2582EEBZ 4-Layer EN55022 Class B Radiated Emissions Compliant Evaluation Board or the EVAL-ADM2582EEMIZ 2-Layer EN55022 Class A Radiated Emissions Compliant Evaluation Board. Both evaluation boards options are populated with an ADM2582E 20-lead wide-body SOIC component.

The EVAL-ADM2582EEBZ evaluation board is designed to reduce emissions generated by the high frequency switching elements used by the isoPower^® technology to transfer power through its transformer. The 4 layer board layout was generated using the guidelines provided in the AN-0971 Application Note, Recommendations for Control of Radiated Emissions with isoPower Devices. The EVAL-ADM2582EEBZ evaluation board was tested at an independent test facility. The evaluation board passed the IEC 61000-4-5 surge testing up to 2 kV.

The EVAL-ADM2582EEMIZ is designed to reduce emissions generated by the high frequency switching elements used by the isoPower^® technology to transfer power through the ADM2582E/ADM2587E integrated transformer. The 2 layer board layout is generated using the guidelines provided in the AN-1349 Application Note, PCB Implementation Guidelines to Minimize Radiated Emissions on the ADM2582E/ADM2587E RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers. The EVAL-ADM2582EEMIZ evaluation boards are tested and certified to pass EN55022 Class A.

The DC2049A demonstrates how a power supply regulates two output voltage by using the LT3999 and low dropout (LDO) regulators.

The LT3999 is a monolithic push-pull DC/DC driver which features a wide input range and small external passive components.

The LT3999 has duty circle control for ΔV_IN compensation, which allows for a wide input voltage range and low LDO losses.

Demonstration circuit 2781A is a nonisolated buck converter featuring the LT8316. The demo board outputs 12V and maintains tight regulation with a load current from 10mA to 0.2A. It is optimized to operate over a wide 19V to 600V DC input voltage range. Output voltage accuracy stays within ±1% over the entire input voltage and load range.

The LT8316 is a high voltage flyback controller that can implement a high voltage buck converter if isolation is not needed. The nonisolated buck converter is a smaller, lower cost solution than the flyback converter.

Quasi-resonant boundary mode operation improves load regulation. The LT8316 is available in a thermally enhanced 20-pin TSSOP package with four pins removed for high voltage spacing.

The LT8316 datasheet gives a complete description of the part, operation and application information. The datasheet must be read in conjunction with the DC2781A demo manual.