Impedance Measurement & Analysis

The AD5940 and AD5941are high precision, low power analog front ends (AFEs) designed for portable applications that require high precision, electrochemical-based measurement techniques, such as amperometric, voltammetric, or impedance measurements. The AD5940/AD5941 is designed for skin impedance and body impedance measurements, and works with the AD8233 AFE in a complete bioelectric or biopotential measurement system. The AD5940/AD5941 is designed for electrochemical toxic gas sensing.

The AD5940/AD5941 consist of two high precision excitation loops and one common measurement channel, which enables a wide capability of measurements of the sensor under test. The first excitation loop consists of an ultra low power, dual-output string, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a low power, low noise potentiostat. One output of the DAC controls the noninverting input of the potentiostat, and the other output controls the noninverting input of the transimpedance amplifier (TIA). This low power excitation loop is capable of generating signals from dc to 200 Hz.

The second excitation loop consists of a 12-bit DAC, referred to as the high speed DAC. This DAC is capable of generating high frequency excitation signals up to 200 kHz.

The AD5940/AD5941 measurement channel features a 16-bit, 800 kSPS, multichannel successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with input buffers, a built in antialias filter, and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). An input multiplexer (mux) in front of the ADC allows the user to select an input channel for measurement. These input channels include multiple external current inputs, external voltage inputs, and internal channels. The internal channels allow diagnostic measurements of the internal supply voltages, die temperature, and reference voltages.

The current inputs include two TIAs with programmable gain and load resistors for measuring different sensor types. The first TIA, referred to as the low power TIA, measures low bandwidth signals. The second TIA, referred to as the high speed TIA, measures high bandwidth signals up to 200 kHz.

An ultra low leakage, programmable switch matrix connects the sensor to the internal analog excitation and measurement blocks. This matrix provides an interface for connecting external transimpedance amplifier resistors (R_TIAs) and calibration resistors. The matrix can also be used to multiplex multiple electronic measurement devices to the same wearable electrodes.

A precision 1.82 V and 2.5 V on-chip reference source is available. The internal ADC and DAC circuits use this on-chip reference source to ensure low drift performance for the 1.82 V and 2.5 V peripherals.

The AD5940/AD5941 measurement blocks can be controlled via direct register writes through the serial peripheral interface (SPI) interface, or, alternatively, by using a preprogrammable sequencer, which provides autonomous control of the AFE chip. 6 kB of static random access memory (SRAM) is partitioned for a deep data first in, first out (FIFO) and command FIFO. Measurement commands are stored in the command FIFO and measurement results are stored in the data FIFO. A number of FIFO related interrupts are available to indicate when the FIFO is full.

A number of general-purpose inputs/outputs (GPIOs) are available and controlled using the AFE sequencer. The AFE sequencer allows cycle accurate control of multiple external sensor devices.

The AD5940/AD5941 operate from a 2.8 V to 3.6 V supply and are specified over a temperature range of −40°C to +85°C. The AD5940 is packaged in a 56-lead, 3.6 mm × 4.2 mm WLCSP. The AD5941 is packaged in a 48-lead LFCSP.

Applications

• Electrochemical measurements
• Electrochemical gas sensors
• Potentiostat/amperometric/voltammetry/cyclic voltammetry
• Bioimpedance applications
  
  • Skin impedance
  • Body impedance
• Continuous glucose monitoring
• Battery impedance

The AD5940 and AD5941are high precision, low power analog front ends (AFEs) designed for portable applications that require high precision, electrochemical-based measurement techniques, such as amperometric, voltammetric, or impedance measurements. The AD5940/AD5941 is designed for skin impedance and body impedance measurements, and works with the AD8233 AFE in a complete bioelectric or biopotential measurement system. The AD5940/AD5941 is designed for electrochemical toxic gas sensing.

The AD5940/AD5941 consist of two high precision excitation loops and one common measurement channel, which enables a wide capability of measurements of the sensor under test. The first excitation loop consists of an ultra low power, dual-output string, digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a low power, low noise potentiostat. One output of the DAC controls the noninverting input of the potentiostat, and the other output controls the noninverting input of the transimpedance amplifier (TIA). This low power excitation loop is capable of generating signals from dc to 200 Hz.

The second excitation loop consists of a 12-bit DAC, referred to as the high speed DAC. This DAC is capable of generating high frequency excitation signals up to 200 kHz.

The AD5940/AD5941 measurement channel features a 16-bit, 800 kSPS, multichannel successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with input buffers, a built in antialias filter, and a programmable gain amplifier (PGA). An input multiplexer (mux) in front of the ADC allows the user to select an input channel for measurement. These input channels include multiple external current inputs, external voltage inputs, and internal channels. The internal channels allow diagnostic measurements of the internal supply voltages, die temperature, and reference voltages.

The current inputs include two TIAs with programmable gain and load resistors for measuring different sensor types. The first TIA, referred to as the low power TIA, measures low bandwidth signals. The second TIA, referred to as the high speed TIA, measures high bandwidth signals up to 200 kHz.

An ultra low leakage, programmable switch matrix connects the sensor to the internal analog excitation and measurement blocks. This matrix provides an interface for connecting external transimpedance amplifier resistors (R_TIAs) and calibration resistors. The matrix can also be used to multiplex multiple electronic measurement devices to the same wearable electrodes.

A precision 1.82 V and 2.5 V on-chip reference source is available. The internal ADC and DAC circuits use this on-chip reference source to ensure low drift performance for the 1.82 V and 2.5 V peripherals.

The AD5940/AD5941 measurement blocks can be controlled via direct register writes through the serial peripheral interface (SPI) interface, or, alternatively, by using a preprogrammable sequencer, which provides autonomous control of the AFE chip. 6 kB of static random access memory (SRAM) is partitioned for a deep data first in, first out (FIFO) and command FIFO. Measurement commands are stored in the command FIFO and measurement results are stored in the data FIFO. A number of FIFO related interrupts are available to indicate when the FIFO is full.

A number of general-purpose inputs/outputs (GPIOs) are available and controlled using the AFE sequencer. The AFE sequencer allows cycle accurate control of multiple external sensor devices.

The AD5940/AD5941 operate from a 2.8 V to 3.6 V supply and are specified over a temperature range of −40°C to +85°C. The AD5940 is packaged in a 56-lead, 3.6 mm × 4.2 mm WLCSP. The AD5941 is packaged in a 48-lead LFCSP.

Applications

• Electrochemical measurements
• Electrochemical gas sensors
• Potentiostat/amperometric/voltammetry/cyclic voltammetry
• Bioimpedance applications
  
  • Skin impedance
  • Body impedance
• Continuous glucose monitoring
• Battery impedance

The ADuCM355 is an on-chip system that controls and measures electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The ADuCM355 is an ultralow power, mixed-signal microcontroller based on the Arm^® Cortex^™-M3 processor. The device features current, voltage, and impedance measurement capability.

The ADuCM355 features a 16-bit, 400 kSPS, multichannel successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with input buffers, built-in antialias filter (AAF), and programmable gain amplifier (PGA). The current inputs include three transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) with programmable gain and load resistors for measuring different sensor types. The analog front end (AFE) also contains two low power amplifiers designed specifically for potentiostat capability to maintain a constant bias voltage to an external electrochemical sensor. The noninverting inputs of these two amplifiers are controlled by on-chip, dual output digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The analog outputs include a high speed DAC and output amplifier designed to generate an ac signal.

The ADC operates at conversion rates up to 400 kSPS with an input range of −0.9 V to +0.9 V. An input mux before the ADC allows the user to select an input channel for measurement. These input channels include three external current inputs, multiple external voltage inputs, and internal channels. The internal channels allow diagnostic measurements of the internal supply voltages, die temperature, and reference voltages.

Two of the three voltage DACs are dual output, 12-bit string DACs. One output per DAC controls the noninverting input of a potentiostat amplifier, and the other controls the noninverting input of the TIA.

The third DAC (sometimes referred to as the high speed DAC) is designed for the high power TIA for impedance measurements. The output frequency range of this DAC is up to 200 kHz.

A precision 1.82 V and 2.5 V on-chip reference source is available. The internal ADC and voltage DAC circuits use this on-chip reference source to ensure low drift performance for all peripherals.

The ADuCM355 integrates a 26 MHz Arm Cortex-M3 processor, which is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machine. The Arm Cortex-M3 processor also has a flexible multichannel direct memory access controller (DMA) supporting two independent serial peripheral interface (SPI) ports, universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), and I²C communication peripherals. The ADuCM355 has 128 kB of nonvolatile flash/EE memory and 64 kB of single random access memory (SRAM) integrated on-chip.

The digital processor subsystem is clocked from a 26 MHz on-chip oscillator. The oscillator is the source of the main digital die system clock. Optionally, a 26 MHz phase-locked loop (PLL) can be used as the digital system clock. This clock can be internally subdivided so that the processor operates at a lower frequency and saves power. A low power, internal 32 kHz oscillator is available and can clock the timers. The ADuCM355 includes three general-purpose timers, a wake-up timer (which can be used as a general-purpose timer), and a system watchdog timer.

The analog subsystem has a separate 16 MHz oscillator used to clock the ADC, DACs, and other digital logic on the analog die. The analog die also contains a separate 32 kHz, low power oscillator to clock a watchdog timer on the analog die. Both the 32 kHz oscillator and this watchdog are independent from the digital die oscillators and system watchdog timer.

A range of communication peripherals can be configured as required in a specific application. These peripherals include UART, I²C, two SPI ports, and general-purpose input/output (GPIO) ports. The GPIOs, combined with the general-purpose timers, can be combined to generate a pulse-width modulation (PWM) type output.

Nonintrusive emulation and program download are supported via the serial wire debug port (SW-DP) interface.

The ADuCM355 operates from a 2.8 V to 3.6 V supply and is specified over a temperature range of −40°C to +85°C. The chip is packaged in a 72-lead, 6 mm × 5 mm land grid array (LGA) package.

Note that, throughout this data sheet, multifunction pins, such as P0.0/SPI0_CLK, are referred to either by the entire pin name or by a single function of the pin, for example, P0.0, when only that function is relevant.

Applications

• Gas detection
• Food quality
• Environmental sensing (air, water, and soil)
• Blood glucose meters
• Life sciences and biosensing analysis
• Bioimpedance measurements
• General Amperometry, voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy functions

The AD4003/AD4007/AD4011 are high accuracy, high speed, low power, 18-bit, Easy Drive, precision successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) that operate from a single power supply, VDD. The reference voltage, V_REF, is applied externally and can be set independent of the supply voltage. The AD4003/AD4007/AD4011 power scales linearly with throughput.

Easy Drive features reduce both signal chain complexity and power consumption while enabling higher channel density. The reduced input current, particularly in high-Z mode, coupled with a long signal acquisition phase, eliminates the need for a dedicated ADC driver. Easy Drive broadens the range of companion circuitry that is capable of driving these ADCs (see Figure 2 in the data sheet).

Input span compression eliminates the need to provide a negative supply to the ADC driver amplifier while preserving access to the full ADC code range. The input overvoltage clamp protects the ADC inputs against overvoltage events, minimizing disturbances on the reference pin and eliminating the need for external protection diodes.

Fast device throughput up to 2 MSPS allows users to accurately capture high frequency signals and to implement oversampling techniques to alleviate the challenges associated with antialias filter designs. Decreased serial peripheral interface (SPI) clock rate requirements reduce digital input and output power consumption, broadens digital host options, and simplifies the task of sending data across digital isolation. The SPI-compatible serial user interface is compatible with 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3 V, and 5 V logic by using the separate VIO logic supply.

APPLICATIONS

• Automated test equipment
• Machine automation
• Medical equipment
• Battery-powered equipment
• Precision data acquisition systems
• Instrumentation and control systems

The LTC2387-18 is a low noise, high speed, 18-bit 15Msps successive approximation register (SAR) ADC ideally suited for a wide range of applications. The combination of excellent linearity and wide dynamic range makes the LTC2387-18 ideal for high speed imaging and instrumentation applications. No latency operation provides a unique solution for high speed control loop applications. The very low distortion at high input frequencies enables communications applications requiring wide dynamic range and significant signal bandwidth.

To support high speed operation while minimizing the number of data lines, the LTC2387-18 features a serial LVDS digital interface. The LVDS interface has one-lane and two-lane output modes, allowing the user to optimize the interface data rate for each application.

Applications

• High Speed Data Acquisition
• Imaging
• Communications
• Control Loops
• Instrumentation
• ATE

The AD5683R/AD5682R/AD5681R/AD5683, members of the nanoDAC+^® family, are low power, single-channel, 16-/14-/12-bit buffered voltage out digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The devices, except the AD5683, include an enabled by default internal 2.5 V reference, offering 2 ppm/°C drift. The output span can be programmed to be 0 V to V_REF or 0 V to 2 × V_REF. All devices operate from a single 2.7 V to 5.5 V supply and are guaranteed monotonic by design. The devices are available in a 2.00 mm × 2.00 mm, 8-lead LFCSP or a 10-lead MSOP.

The internal power-on reset circuit ensures that the DAC register is written to zero scale at power-up while the internal output buffer is configured in normal mode. The AD5683R/AD5682R/AD5681R/AD5683 contain a power-down mode that reduces the current consumption of the device to 2 µA (maximum) at 5 V and provides software selectable output loads while in power-down mode.

The AD5683R/AD5682R/AD5681R/AD5683 use a versatile 3-wire serial interface that operates at clock rates of up to 50 MHz. Some devices also include asynchronous RESET pin and V_LOGIC pin options, allowing 1.8 V compatibility

Product Highlights

1. High Relative Accuracy (INL).
   AD5683R/AD5683 (16-bit): ±2 LSB maximum.
2. Low Drift, 2.5 V On-Chip Reference.
   2 ppm/°C typical temperature coefficient.
   5 ppm/°C maximum temperature coefficient.
3. Two Package Options.
   2.00 mm × 2.00 mm, 8-lead LFCSP.
   10-lead MSOP.

Applications

• Process controls
• Data acquisition systems
• Digital gain and offset adjustment
• Programmable voltage sources

The AD9834 is a 75 MHz low power DDS device capable of producing high performance sine and triangular outputs. It also has an on-board comparator that allows a square wave to be produced for clock generation. Consuming only 20 mW of power at 3 V makes the AD9834 an ideal candidate for power-sensitive applications.

Capability for phase modulation and frequency modulation is provided. The frequency registers are 28 bits; with a 75 MHz clock rate, resolution of 0.28 Hz can be achieved. Similarly, with a 1 MHz clock rate, the AD9834 can be tuned to 0.004 Hz resolution. Frequency and phase modulation are affected by loading registers through the serial interface and toggling the registers using software or the FSELECT pin and PSELECT pin, respectively.

The ADA4870 is a unity gain stable, high speed current feedback amplifier capable of delivering 1 A of output current and 2500 V/μs slew rate from a 40 V supply. Manufactured using the Analog Devices, Inc., proprietary high voltage extra fast complementary bipolar (XFCB) process, the innovative architecture of the ADA4870 enables high output power, high speed signal processing solutions in applications that require driving a low impedance load.

The ADA4870 is ideal for driving high voltage power FETs, piezo transducers, PIN diodes, CCD panels, and a variety of other demanding applications that require high speed from high supply voltage at high output current.

The ADA4870 is available in a power SOIC package (PSOP_3), featuring an exposed thermal slug that provides high thermal conductivity, enabling efficient heat transfer for improved perfor-mance and reliability in demanding applications. The ADA4870 operates over the industrial temperature range (−40°C to +85°C).

Applications

• Envelope tracking
• Power FET driver
• Ultrasound
• Piezo drivers
• PIN diode drivers
• Waveform generation
• Automated test equipment (ATE)
• CCD panel drivers
• Composite amplifiers

The ADA4817-1 (single) and ADA4817-2 (dual) FastFET^™ amplifiers are unity-gain stable, ultrahigh speed, voltage feedback amplifiers with FET inputs. These amplifiers were developed with the Analog Devices, Inc., proprietary eXtra fast complementary bipolar (XFCB) process, which allows the amplifiers to achieve ultralow noise (4 nV/√Hz; 2.5 fA/√Hz) as well as very high input impedances.

With 1.3 pF of input capacitance, low noise (4 nV/√Hz), low offset voltage (2 mV maximum), and 1050 MHz −3 dB bandwidth, the ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 are ideal for data acquisition front ends as well as wideband transimpedance applications, such as photodiode preamps.

With a wide supply voltage range from 5 V to 10 V and the ability to operate on either single or dual supplies, the ADA4817-1/ADA4817-2 are designed to work in a variety of applications including active filtering and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) driving. The ADA4817-1 is available in a 3 mm × 3 mm, 8-lead LFCSP and 8-lead SOIC, and the ADA4817-2 is available in a 4 mm × 4 mm, 16-lead LFCSP. These packages feature a low distortion pinout that improves second harmonic distortion and simplifies circuit board layout. They also feature an exposed pad that provides a low thermal resistance path to the printed circuit board (PCB). The EPAD enables more efficient heat transfer and increases reliability. These products are rated to work over the extended industrial temperature range (−40°C to +105°C).

Applications

• Photodiode amplifiers
• Data acquisition front ends
• Instrumentation
• Filters
• ADC drivers
• Output buffers

The LTM8049 is a Dual SEPIC/Inverting μModule^® (power module) DC/DC Converter. Each of the two outputs can be easily configured as a SEPIC or Inverting converter by simply grounding the appropriate output rail. The LTM8049 includes power devices, inductors, control circuitry and passive components. All that is needed to complete the design are input and output caps, and small resistors to set the output voltages and switching frequency. Other components may be used to control the soft-start and undervoltage lockout.

The LTM8049 is packaged in a thermally enhanced, compact (15mm × 9mm) over-molded Ball Grid Array (BGA) package suitable for automated assembly by standard surface mount equipment. The LTM8049 is RoHS compliant.

Applications

• Battery Powered Regulator
• Local Negative Voltage Regulator
• Low Noise Amplifier Power

The AD5933 is a high precision impedance converter system solution that combines an on-board frequency generator with a 12-bit, 1 MSPS, analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The frequency generator allows an external complex impedance to be excited with a known frequency. The response signal from the impedance is sampled by the on-board ADC and a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is processed by an on-board DSP engine. The DFT algorithm returns a real (R) and imaginary (I) data-word at each output frequency.

Once calibrated, the magnitude of the impedance and relative phase of the impedance at each frequency point along the sweep is easily calculated. This is done off chip using the real and imaginary register contents, which can be read from the serial I²C interface.

The ADuCM350 is a configurable Impedance Converter and Potentiostat with current and voltage measurement capability for both Electrochemical sensors and Biosensors. It is a complete, coin cell powered, high precision, MCU integrated solution for portable device applications such as point-of-care diagnostics and body-worn devices for monitoring vital signs.

The ADuCM350 analog front end (AFE) features a 16-bit, precision, 160 kSPS analog-to-digital converter (ADC); 0.17% precision voltage reference; 12-bit, no missing codes digital-to-analog converter (DAC); and a reconfigurable ultralow leakage switch matrix. It has 4 voltage measurement channels, up to 8 current measurement channels and an impedance measurement DFT engine. The ADuCM350 also includes an ARM Cortex-M3-based processor, memory, and all I/O connectivity to support portable meters with display, USB communication, and active sensors. The ADuCM350 is available in a 120-lead, 8 mm × 8 mm CSP_BGA and operates from −40°C to +85°C.

To support extremely low dynamic and hibernate power management, the ADuCM350 provides a collection of power modes and features, such as dynamic and software controlled clock gating and power gating. The AFE is connected to the ARM Cortex-M3 via an advanced high performance bus (AHPB) slave interface on the advanced microcontroller bus architecture (AMBA) matrix, as well as direct memory access (DMA) and interrupt connections.

APPLICATIONS

• Point-of-care diagnostics
• Body-worn devices for monitoring vital signs
• Amperometric, voltametric, and impedometric measurements

The AD9958 consists of two DDS cores that provide independent frequency, phase, and amplitude control on each channel. This flexibility can be used to correct imbalances between signals due to analog processing, such as filtering, amplification, or PCB layout related mismatches. Because both channels share a common system clock, they are inherently synchronized. Synchronization of multiple devices is supported.

The AD9958 can perform up to a 16-level modulation of frequency, phase, or amplitude (FSK, PSK, ASK). Modulation is performed by applying data to the profile pins. In addition, the AD9958 also supports linear sweep of frequency, phase, or amplitude for applications such as radar and instrumentation.

The AD9958 serial I/O port offers multiple configurations to provide significant flexibility. The serial I/O port offers an SPIcompatible mode of operation that is virtually identical to the SPI operation found in earlier Analog Devices, Inc., DDS products. Flexibility is provided by four data pins (SDIO_0 / SDIO_1 / SDIO_2 / SDIO_3) that allow four programmable modes of serial I/O operation.

The AD9958 uses advanced DDS technology that provides low power dissipation with high performance. The device incorporates two integrated, high speed 10-bit DACs with excellent wideband and narrow-band SFDR. Each channel has a dedicated 32-bit frequency tuning word, 14 bits of phase offset, and a 10-bit output scale multiplier.

The DAC outputs are supply referenced and must be terminated into AVDD by a resistor or an AVDD center-tapped transformer. Each DAC has its own programmable reference to enable different full-scale currents for each channel.

The DDS acts as a high resolution frequency divider with the REFCLK as the input and the DAC providing the output. The REFCLK input source is common to both channels and can be driven directly or used in combination with an integrated REFCLK multiplier (PLL) up to a maximum of 500 MSPS. The PLL multiplication factor is programmable from 4 to 20, in integer steps. The REFCLK input also features an oscillator circuit to support an external crystal as the REFCLK source. The crystal must be between 20 MHz and 30 MHz. The crystal can be used in combination with the REFCLK multiplier.

The AD9958 comes in a space-saving 56-lead LFCSP package. The DDS core (AVDD and DVDD pins) is powered by a 1.8 V supply. The digital I/O interface (SPI) operates at 3.3 V and requires the pin labeled DVDD_I/O (Pin 49) be connected to 3.3 V.

The AD9958 operates over the industrial temperature range of −40°C to +85°C.

Applications

• Agile local oscillators
• Phased array radars/sonars
• Instrumentation
• Synchronized clocking
• RF source for AOTF
• Single-side band suppressed carriers
• Quadrature communications

The AD8302 is a fully integrated system for measuring gain/loss and phase in numerous receive, transmit, and instrumentation applications. It requires few external components and a single supply of 2.7 V–5.5 V. The ac-coupled input signals can range from –60 dBm to 0 dBm in a 50 Ω system, from low frequencies up to 2.7 GHz. The outputs provide an accurate measurement of either gain or loss over a ±30 dB range scaled to 30 mV/dB, and of phase over a 0°–180° range scaled to 10 mV/degree. Both subsystems have an output bandwidth of 30 MHz, which may optionally be reduced by the addition of external filter capacitors. The AD8302 can be used in controller mode to force the gain and phase of a signal chain toward predetermined setpoints.

The AD8302 comprises a closely matched pair of demodulating logarithmic amplifiers, each having a 60 dB measurement range. By taking the difference of their outputs, a measurement of the magnitude ratio or gain between the two input signals is available. These signals may even be at different frequencies, allowing the measurement of conversion gain or loss. The AD8302 may be used to determine absolute signal level by applying the unknown signal to one input and a calibrated ac reference signal to the other. With the output stage feedback connection disabled, a comparator may be realized, using the setpoint pins MSET and PSET to program the thresholds.

The signal inputs are single-ended, allowing them to be matched and connected directly to a directional coupler. Their input impedance is nominally 3 kΩ at low frequencies.

The AD8302 includes a phase detector of the multiplier type, but with precise phase balance driven by the fully limited signals appearing at the outputs of the two logarithmic amplifiers. Thus, the phase accuracy measurement is independent of signal level over a wide range.

The phase and gain output voltages are simultaneously available at loadable ground referenced outputs over the standard output range of 0 V to 1.8 V. The output drivers can source or sink up to 8 mA. A loadable, stable reference voltage of 1.8 V is available for precise repositioning of the output range by the user.

In controller applications, the connection between the gain output pin VMAG and the setpoint control pin MSET is broken. The desired setpoint is presented to MSET and the VMAG control signal drives an appropriate external variable gain device. Likewise, the feedback path between the phase output pin VPHS and its setpoint control pin PSET may be broken to allow operation as a phase controller.

The AD8302 is fabricated on Analog Devices’ proprietary, high performance 25 GHz SOI complementary bipolar IC process. It is available in a 14-lead TSSOP package and operates over a –40°C to +85°C temperature range. An evaluation board is available.