Vehicle Electrification Systems

The ADBMS6815 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 12 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.5 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6815 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 12 cells can be measured in 304 µs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6815 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6815 has an isoSPI^™ interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. 

Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6815 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6815 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general purpose input/output (GPIO) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 µA.

The ADBMS6815WFS models are designed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability D (ASIL D).

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• High power portable equipment

The ADBMS6817 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 8 series connected battery cells with a lifetime total measurement error (TME) of less than 1.5 mV. The cell measurement range of 0 V to 5 V makes the ADBMS6817 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 8 cells can be measured in 304 μs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple ADBMS6817 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each ADBMS6817 has an isoSPI^™ interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The ADBMS6817 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The ADBMS6817 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual pulse-width modulation (PWM) duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an on-board 5 V regulator, seven general-purpose input/output (GPIO) lines, and a sleep state, where current consumption is reduced to 5.5 μA.

The ADBMS6817WFS models are developed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability D (ASIL D).

APPLICATIONS

• Electric and hybrid electric vehicles
• Backup battery systems
• Grid energy storage
• Large portable power banks

The LTC2949 is a high precision current, voltage, temperature, charge and energy meter for electrical and hybrid vehicles and other isolated current sense applications. It infers charge and energy flowing in and out of the battery pack by monitoring simultaneously the voltage drop over up to two sense resistors and the battery pack voltage.

Low offset ΔΣ ADCs ensure accurate measurement of voltage and current with insignificant power loss. Continuous integration of current and power ensures lossless tracking of charge and energy delivered or received by the battery pack.

The built-in serial interface can be configured to support isolated isoSPI communication to the host or as SPI interface.

The LTC2949 features 12 internally buffered high impedance inputs (V1 to V12) for measuring voltages from external sensors or resistor dividers allowing to measure temperatures, HV-Link voltages, chassis isolation and supervise contactor states. LTC2949 has up to five programmable digital outputs which can be set to ground, supply or toggling at 400kHz.

Programmable threshold and tracking registers reduce digital traffic to the host.

Applications

• Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
• Isolated Current Sensing
• Backup Battery Systems
• High Power Portable Equipment

The LTC6813-1 is a multicell battery stack monitor that measures up to 18 series connected battery cells with a total measurement error of less than 2.2mV. The cell measurement range of 0V to 5V makes the LTC6813-1 suitable for most battery chemistries. All 18 cells can be measured in 290µs, and lower data acquisition rates can be selected for high noise reduction.

Multiple LTC6813-1 devices can be connected in series, permitting simultaneous cell monitoring of long, high voltage battery strings. Each LTC6813-1 has an isoSPI interface for high speed, RF immune, long distance communications. Multiple devices are connected in a daisy chain with one host processor connection for all devices. This daisy chain can be operated bidirectionally, ensuring communication integrity, even in the event of a fault along the communication path.

The LTC6813-1 can be powered directly from the battery stack or from an isolated supply. The LTC6813-1 includes passive balancing for each cell, with individual PWM duty cycle control for each cell. Other features include an onboard 5V regulator, nine general purpose I/O lines and a sleep mode, where current consumption is reduced to 6µA.

Applications

• Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Backup Battery Systems
• Grid Energy Storage
• High Power Portable Equipment

The LT8301 is a micropower isolated flyback converter. By sampling the isolated output voltage directly from the primary-side flyback waveform, the part requires no third winding or opto-isolator for regulation. The output voltage is programmed with a single external resistor. Internal compensation and soft-start further reduce external component count. Boundary mode operation provides a small magnetic solution with excellent load regulation. Low ripple Burst Mode operation maintains high efficiency at light load while minimizing the output voltage ripple. A 1.2A, 65V DMOS power switch is integrated along with all high voltage circuitry and control logic into a 5-lead ThinSOT^™ package.

The LT8301 operates from an input voltage range of 2.7V to 42V and can deliver up to 6W of isolated output power. The high level of integration and the use of boundary and low ripple burst modes result in a simple to use, low component count, and high efficiency application solution for isolated power delivery.

Applications

• Isolated Telecom, Automotive, Industrial, Medical Power Supplies
• Isolated Auxiliary/Housekeeping Power Supplies

The AD8418 is a high voltage, high resolution current shunt amplifier. It features an initial gain of 20 V/V, with a maximum ±0.15% gain error over the entire temperature range. The buffered output voltage directly interfaces with any typical converter. The AD8418 offers excellent input common-mode rejection from −2 V to +70 V. The AD8418 performs bidirectional current measurements across a shunt resistor in a variety of automotive and industrial applications, including motor control, battery management, and solenoid control.

The AD8418 offers breakthrough performance throughout the −40°C to +125°C temperature range. It features a zero drift core, which leads to a typical offset drift of 0.1 μV/°C throughout the operating temperature range and the common-mode voltage range. The AD8418 is fully qualified for automotive applications and includes EMI filters and patented circuitry to enable output accuracy with pulse-width modulation (PWM) type input common-mode voltages. The typical input offset voltage is ±200 μV. The AD8418 is offered in 8-lead MSOP and SOIC packages.

The AD8452 combines a precision analog front-end controller and switch mode power supply (SMPS), pulse-width modulator (PWM) driver into a single silicon platform for high volume battery testing and formation manufacturing. A precision instrumentation amplifier (in-amp) measures the battery charge/discharge current, while an equally accurate difference amplifier measures the battery voltage. Internal laser trimmed resistor networks establish the in-amp and difference amplifier gains (66 V/V and 0.4 V/V, respectively), and stabilize the AD8452 performance across the rated operating temperature range.

Desired battery cycling current and voltage levels are established by applying precise control voltages to the ISET and VSET inputs. Actual charge and discharge current levels are sensed (usually by a high power, highly accurate shunt resistor) whose value is carefully selected according to system parameters. Switching between constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) loop integration is instantaneous, automatic, and completely transparent to the observer. A logic high at the MODE input selects the charge or discharge mode (high for charge, low for discharge).

The AD8452 simplifies designs by providing excellent performance, functionality, and overall reliability in a space saving 48-lead, 7 mm × 7 mm × 1.4 mm LQFP package rated for operation at temperatures from −40°C to +85°C.

Applications

• Battery formation and testing
• High efficiency battery test systems with recycle capability
• Battery conditioning (charging and discharging) systems

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are fully integrated, 8 kHz data acquisition systems that incorporate dual, high performance, multichannel, Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), a 32-bit Arm^® Cortex^™-M3 processor, and flash. The ADuCM330WFS has 96 kB Flash/EE memory, and the ADuCM331WFS has 128 kB Flash/EE memory. Both devices have 4 kB data flash. Error correction code (ECC) is available on all flash and SRAM memories.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are complete system solutions for battery monitoring in 12 V automotive applications.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS integrate all features required to precisely and intelligently monitor, process, and diagnose 12 V battery parameters including battery current, voltage, and temperature over a wide range of operating conditions.

Minimizing external system components, the devices are powered directly from a 12 V battery. On-chip, low dropout (LDO) regulators generate the supply voltage for two integrated Σ-Δ ADCs. The ADCs precisely measure battery current, voltage, and temperature to characterize the state of the health and the charge of the car battery.

The devices operate from an on-chip, 16.384 MHz high frequency oscillator that supplies the system clock that is routed through a programmable clock divider, from which the core clock operating frequency is generated. The devices also contain a 32 kHz oscillator for low power operation.

The analog subsystem consists of an ADC with a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) that allows the monitoring of various current and voltage ranges. The analog subsystem also includes an on-chip precision reference.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS integrate a range of on-chip peripherals that can be configured under core software control as required in the application. These peripherals include a serial port interface (SPI) serial input/output communication controller, six general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins, one general-purpose timer, a wake-up timer, and a watchdog timer. See the ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS Hardware Reference Manual for more information.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are designed to operate in battery-powered applications where low power operation is critical. The microcontroller core can be configured in normal operating mode, resulting in an overall system current consumption of 18.5 mA when all peripherals are active. The devices can also be configured in a number of low power operating modes under direct program control, consuming <100 μA.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS include a local interconnect network (LIN) physical interface for single-wire, high voltage communications in automotive environments. The LIN transceiver is compliant to LIN 2.2 and Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2602-2.

The devices operate from an external 3.6 V to 19 V (on VDD, Pin 26) voltage supply and are specified over the −40°C to +115°C temperature range, with additional typical specifications at +115°C to +125°C.

The information in this data sheet is relevant for Silicon Revision P60.

The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are developed for use in ISO 26262 applications for Automotive Safety Integrity Level Capability B (ASIL B). The ADuCM330WFS/ADuCM331WFS are low electromagnetic emissions and high electromagnetic immunity devices.

Multifunction pin names may be referenced by the relevant function only.

Applications

• Battery sensing and management for automotive and light mobility vehicles
• Lead acid battery measurement for power supplies in industrial and medical domains

The ADA4571 is an anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensor with integrated signal conditioning amplifiers and ADC drivers. The ADA4571 produces two analog outputs that indicate the angular position of the surrounding magnetic field.

The ADA4571 consists of two die within one package, an AMR sensor, and a fixed gain (G = 40 nominally) instrumentation amplifier. The ADA4571 delivers clean and amplified cosine and sine output signals related to the angle of a rotating magnetic field. The output voltage range is ratiometric to the supply voltage.

The sensor contains two Wheatstone bridges, at a relative angle of 45° to one another. A rotating magnetic field in the x-y sensor plane delivers two sinusoidal output signals with the double frequency of the angle (α) between sensor and magnetic field direction. Within a homogeneous field in the x-y plane, the output signals are independent of the physical placement in the z direction (air gap).

The ADA4571 is available in an 8-lead SOIC package.

Product Highlights

1. Contactless angular measurement.
2. Measures magnetic field direction rather than field intensity.
3. Minimum sensitivity to air gap variations.
4. Large working distance.
5. Excellent accuracy, even for weak saturation fields.
6. Minimal thermal and lifetime drift.
7. Negligible hysteresis.
8. Single chip solution.

Applications

• Absolute position measurement (linear and angle)
• Brushless dc motor control and positioning
• Actuator control and positioning
• Contactless angular measurement and detection
• Magnetic angular position sensing

The ADuM4138 is a single-channel gate driver optimized for driving insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler^® technology provides isolation between the input signal and the output gate drive.

The Analog Devices chip scale transformers also provide isolated communication of control information between the high voltage and low voltage domains of the chip. Information on the status of the chip can be read back from the dedicated outputs.

The ADuM4138 includes an isolated flyback controller, allowing simple secondary voltage generation.

Overcurrent detection is integrated in the ADuM4138 to protect the IGBT in case of desaturation and/or overcurrent events. The overcurrent detection is coupled with a high speed, two-level turn off function in case of faults.

The ADuM4138 provides a Miller clamp control signal for a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) to provide IGBT turn off, with a single rail supply when the Miller clamp voltage threshold drops below 2 V (typical) above GND₂. Operation with unipolar secondary supplies is possible with or without the Miller clamp operation.

A low gate voltage detection circuit can trigger a fault if the gate voltage does not rise above the internal threshold within the time allowed after turn on (12.8 µs typical). The low voltage detection circuit detects IGBT device failures that exhibit gate shorts or other causes of weak drive.

Two temperature sensor pins, TS1 and TS2, allow isolated monitoring of system temperatures at the IGBTs. The secondary undervoltage lockout (UVLO) is set to 11.2 V (typical) in accordance with common IGBT threshold levels.

A serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus on the primary side of the device provides in field programming of temperature sensing diode gains and offsets to the ADuM4138. Values are stored on an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) located on the secondary side of the device. In addition, programming is available for specific V_DD2 voltages, temperature sensing reporting frequencies, and overcurrent blanking times.

The ADuM4138 provides isolated fault reporting for overcurrent events, remote temperature overheating events, UVLO, thermal shutdown (TSD), and desaturation detection.

Applications

• MOSFET and IGBT gate drivers
• Photovoltaic (PV) inverters
• Motor drives
• Power supplies

The ADuM120N/ADuM121N¹ are dual-channel digital isolators based on Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler^® technology. Combining high speed, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolithic air core transformer technology, these isolation components provide outstanding performance characteristics superior to alternatives such as optocoupler devices and other integrated couplers. The maximum propagation delay is 13 ns with a pulse width distortion of less than 3 ns at 5 V operation. Channel matching is tight at 3.0 ns maximum.

The ADuM120N/ADuM121N data channels are independent and are available in a variety of configurations with a withstand voltage rating of 3 kV rms (see the Ordering Guide). The devices operate with the supply voltage on either side ranging from 1.8 V to 5 V, providing compatibility with lower voltage systems as well as enabling voltage translation functionality across the isolation barrier.

Unlike other optocoupler alternatives, dc correctness is ensured in the absence of input logic transitions. Two different fail-safe options are available in which the outputs transition to a predetermined state when the input power supply is not applied or the inputs are disabled.

The ADuM120N0 is pin-compatible with the ADuM1285, and the ADuM120N1 is pin-compatible with the ADuM1280 and the ADuM1200. The ADuM121N0 is pin-compatible with ADuM1286, and the ADuM121N1 is pin-compatible with the ADuM1281 and the ADuM1201.

Applications

• General-purpose multichannel isolation
• Industrial field bus isolation

The ADuM142E¹ is a quad-channel digital isolator based on Analog Devices, Inc., iCoupler^® technology. Combining high speed, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and monolithic air core transformer technology, these isolation components provide outstanding performance characteristics superior to alternatives such as optocoupler devices and other integrated couplers. The maximum propagation delay is 13 ns with a pulse width distortion of less than 3 ns at 5 V operation. Channel matching is tight at 3.0 ns maximum.

The ADuM142E data channels are independent and are available in a variety of configurations with a withstand voltage rating of 3.0 kV rms or 3.75 kV rms (see the Ordering
Guide). The devices operate with the supply voltage on either side ranging from 1.8 V to 5 V, providing compatibility with lower voltage systems as well as enabling voltage translation functionality across the isolation barrier.

Unlike other optocoupler alternatives, dc correctness is ensured in the absence of input logic transitions. Two different fail-safe options are available, by which the outputs transition to a predetermined state when the input power supply is not applied or the inputs are disabled. The ADuM140E1/ADuM141E1/
ADuM142E1 is pin-compatible with the ADuM1400/ADuM1401/ADuM1402.

Applications

• General-purpose multichannel isolation
• Serial peripheral interface (SPI)/data converter isolation
• Industrial field bus isolation

¹ Protected by U.S. Patents 5,952,849; 6,873,065; 6,903,578; and 7,075,329. Other patents are pending.

This circuit uses the ADuCM360/ADuCM361 precision analog microcontroller in an accurate thermocouple temperature monitoring application. The ADuCM360/ADuCM361 integrates dual 24-bit sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), dual programmable current sources, a 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a 1.2 V internal reference, as well as an ARM Cortex-M3 core, 128 kB flash, 8 kB SRAM, and various digital peripherals such as UART, timers, SPIs, and I²C interfaces.

In the circuit, the ADuCM360/ADuCM361 is connected to a thermocouple and a 100 Ω platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD). The RTD is used for cold junction compensation.

In the source code, an ADC sampling rate of 4 Hz is chosen. When the ADC input programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is configured for a gain of 32, the noise-free code resolution of the ADuCM360/ADuCM361 is greater than 18 bits.

This circuit uses the ADuC7060 or the ADuC7061 precision analog microcontroller in an accurate thermocouple temperature monitoring application. The ADuC7060/ADuC7061 integrate dual 24-bit sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), dual programmable current sources, a 14-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a 1.2 V internal reference, as well as an ARM7 core, 32 kB flash, 4 kB SRAM, and various digital peripherals such as UART, timers, serial peripheral interface (SPI), and I²C interfaces.

In the circuit, the ADuC7060/ADuC7061 are connected to a thermocouple and a 100 Ω platinum resistance temperature detector (RTD). The RTD is used for cold junction compensation. As an extra option, the ADT7311 digital temperature sensor can be used to measure the cold junction temperature instead of the RTD.

In the source code, an ADC sampling rate of 4 Hz was chosen. When the ADC input programmable gain amplifier (PGA) is configured for a gain of 32, the noise-free code resolution of the ADuC7060/ADuC7061 is greater than 18 bits.

The single edge nibble transmission (SENT) interface to the host is implemented by using a timer to control a digital output pin. This digital output pin is then level shifted externally to 5 V using an external NPN transistor. An EMC filter is provided on the SENT output circuit as recommended in Section 6.3.1 of the SENT protocol (SAE J2716 Standard). The data is measured as falling edge to falling edge, and the duration of each pulse is related to the number of system clock ticks. The system clock rate is determined by measuring the SYNC pulse. The SYNC pulse is transmitted at the start of every packet. More details are provided in the SENT Interface section.